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Therefore, the shaft must also be able to avoid torsional vibration and shaft whirl at the maximum shaft speed. At the critical speed of the shaft, the shaft becomes unstable and typically vibrates so violently that it may even self-destruct. The speed at which the shaft begins to whirl or bow in the middle and resemble a jump rope is referred to as the critical speed.

These variations provide strength and critical speed requirements for a particular vehicle application. The piece on the far right is aluminum all the others are steel. There are tubes with various diameters and wall thicknesses that can be used for a driveshaft. In order to carry the torque, the shaft tube must be strong enough to resist the torque without yielding. But the principles apply to aluminum and composites as well. Steel is the most common and inexpensive material, so I will concentrate on it for our examples. Auto- motive driveshafts are made out of hollow steel, aluminum, or composite tubing and can be constructed from different wall thicknesses. The drive-shaft needs to be strong enough so that it doesn’t turn into a pretzel when torque is applied to it. It also must accommodate for length changes when the suspension goes through its arc of travel, as well as allow for angle changes across the connections at the transmission and axle. The driveshaft primarily transfers the torque and speed from the transmission output to the rear-axle input. The terms driveshaft, propshaft, and propeller shaft can be used inter-changeably. You can copy and paste this link to share:

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This Tech Tip is From the Full Book, HIGH-PERFORMANCE DIFFERENTIALS, AXLES, AND DRIVELINES. It is surprising how many vehicle vibrations at road speeds and shudder conditions during hard launches can be traced back to the driveshaft balancing and operating angles. In order to have a great axle arrangement, we cannot overlook obvious items like the driveshaft system and proper installation as well as angle orientation of the driveshaft and axle. Now that I have reviewed all of the axle basics, let’s discuss more of the vehicle installation areas that are just as important.